Glaucoma

Glaucoma is an eye disease that damages the optic nerve and is often associated with increased pressure inside the eye. Elevated intraocular pressure can develop when the fluid within the eye does not drain properly. Over time, this may damage the optic nerve and lead to permanent vision loss. Glaucoma is one of the leading causes of irreversible vision loss worldwide.

The two main forms of glaucoma are open-angle glaucoma and angle-closure glaucoma. Open-angle glaucoma generally progresses slowly and may not cause noticeable symptoms during its early stages. For this reason, it is often described as the “silent thief of sight.” Angle-closure glaucoma can develop much more rapidly and may cause symptoms such as sudden eye pain, redness and blurred vision.

Glaucoma treatment aims to control intraocular pressure through eye drops, laser procedures or surgery. Eye drops may help lower pressure by reducing fluid production or improving fluid drainage. Laser treatment generally aims to improve the drainage of fluid from the eye. Surgical treatment may be considered when the condition is advanced or cannot be adequately controlled using other methods.

If glaucoma is not diagnosed early, it can cause permanent vision loss. Regular eye examinations are therefore important for monitoring intraocular pressure and detecting signs of glaucoma at an early stage. Factors such as family history, diabetes and high blood pressure may increase a person’s risk of developing glaucoma.

When left untreated, glaucoma can gradually narrow the field of vision and may eventually lead to blindness. Regular follow-up examinations and adherence to the prescribed treatment plan are essential for protecting the vision of patients with glaucoma.