Cataract

A cataract is a clouding of the eye’s natural lens that can interfere with clear vision. Cataracts are particularly common with increasing age, although genetic factors, long-term corticosteroid use, eye injuries and certain medical conditions may also contribute to their development. Cataracts usually progress gradually and may eventually make reading, driving and other daily activities more difficult.

Cataract surgery is performed to improve vision affected by a cloudy natural lens. During the operation, the clouded lens is removed and replaced with an artificial intraocular lens. Phacoemulsification is the most commonly used surgical technique and involves breaking up and removing the lens through a small incision.

Cataract surgery is usually performed under local anaesthesia as a day-case procedure. Patients may experience mild blurred vision, glare, discomfort or sensitivity during the early recovery period. The time required to return to routine activities varies according to the individual, the condition of the eye and the ophthalmologist’s recommendations.

The artificial intraocular lens can significantly improve vision, although some patients may still need glasses for particular distances or activities. Different intraocular lens options are available, and the most appropriate choice depends on the patient’s eye health, visual needs and clinical assessment. Monofocal lenses generally provide a single focal distance, while trifocal lenses are designed to provide vision at near, intermediate and far distances.

Cataract surgery is an established treatment for vision loss caused by cataracts. Regular eye examinations can help monitor cataract progression and identify the appropriate time to consider treatment. Anyone experiencing increasing blurred vision, glare, difficulty seeing at night or changes in colour perception should consult an ophthalmologist for an examination.